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Atomic symbol: In |
Atomic number: 49 |
Atomic weight: 114.82 |
Atomic volume: 15.7 cm3/mol |
Density: 7.31 g/cm3 |
Period Number: 5 |
Group number: 13 |
Group name: Metal |
Element classification: Metal |
Phase at room temperature: Solid |
Melting Point: 429.81 K |
Boiling point: 2353 K |
Heat of fusion: 3.263 kJ/mol |
Heat of vaporization: 231.50 kJ/mol |
Ionization Energy: 5.786 eV |
1st ionization energy: 558.3 kJ/mole |
2nd ionization energy: 1820.6 kJ/mole |
3rd ionization energy: 2704.5 kJ/mole |
Electronegativity: 1.78 |
Electron affinity: 30 kJ/mole |
Specific heat: 0.23 J/gK |
Heat atomization: 243 kJ/mole atoms |
Shells: 2,8,18,18,3 |
Electron Shell Configuration: [Kr] 4d10 5s2 5p1 |
Minimum oxidation number: 0 |
Maximum oxidation number: 3 |
Minimum common oxidation number: 0 |
Maximum common oxidation no: 3 |
Appearance & Characteristics |
Structure:: distorted fcc structure |
Color: silvery-white |
Hardness: 1.2 mohs |
Toxicity: ? |
Characteristics: soft |
Uses: transistors, photocells |
Reaction with air: mild, =>In2O3 |
Reaction with 6M HCl: mild, =>H2, InCl3 |
Reaction with 15M HNO3: mild, =>In(NO3)3 |
Reaction with 6M NaOH: none |
Number of isotopes: 2 |
Oxide(s): In2O3 |
Hydride(s): ? |
Chloride(s): InCl InCl3 |
Atomic Radius: 167 pm |
Ionic radius (1- ion): pm |
Ionic radius (1+ ion): pm |
Ionic radius (2- ion): pm |
Ionic radius (2+ ion): pm |
Ionic radius (3+ ion): 94 pm |
Thermal conductivity: 81.8 J/m-sec-deg |
Electrical conductivity: 119.474 1/mohm-cm |
Polarizability: 9.7 A^3 |
Source: Zn/Pb smelting by-product |
Relative abundance solar system: -0.735 log |
Abundance earth's crust: -1 log |
Estimated crustal abundance: 2.5×10-1 milligrams per kilogram |
Estimated oceanic abundance: 2×10-2 milligrams per liter |
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(from the brilliant indigo line in its spectrum) Discovered by Reich and Richter, who later isolated the metal. Until 1924, a gram or so constituted the world's supply of this element in isolated form. It is probably about as abundant as silver. About 4 million troy ounces of indium are now produced annually in the Free World. Canada is presently producing more than 1,000,000 troy ounces annually. |
Indium is most frequently associated with zinc materials, and it is from these that most commercial indium is now obtained; however, it is also found in iron, lead, and copper ores. |
Indium is available in ultra pure form. Indium is a very soft, silvery-white metal with a brilliant luster. The pure metal gives a high-pitched "cry" when bent. It wets glass, as does gallium. |
It has found application in making low-melting allows; an allow of 24% indium - 76% gallium is liquid at room temperature. It is used in making bearing alloys, germanium transistors, rectifiers, thermistors, and photoconductors. It can be plated onto metal and evaporated onto glass, forming a mirror as good as that made with silver but with more resistance to atmospheric corrosion. |
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