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| Atomic symbol: As |
| Atomic number: 33 |
| Atomic weight: 74.9216 |
| Atomic volume: 13.1 cm3/mol |
| Density: 5.72 g/cm3 |
| Period Number: 4 |
| Group number: 15 |
| Group name: Non-Metal, Nitrogen group |
| Element classification: Semi-metal |
| Phase at room temperature: Solid |
| Melting Point: 886 K |
| Boiling point: K |
| Heat of fusion: ? |
| Heat of vaporization: 34.760 kJ/mol |
| Ionization Energy: 9.815 eV |
| 1st ionization energy: 946.5 kJ/mole |
| 2nd ionization energy: 1797.8 kJ/mole |
| 3rd ionization energy: 2735.4 kJ/mole |
| Electronegativity: 2.18 |
| Electron affinity: 78 kJ/mole |
| Specific heat: 0.33 J/gK |
| Heat atomization: 302 kJ/mole atoms |
| Shells: 2,8,18,5 |
| Electron Shell Configuration: [Ar] 3d10 4s2 4p3 |
| Minimum oxidation number: -3 |
| Maximum oxidation number: 5 |
| Minimum common oxidation number: -3 |
| Maximum common oxidation no: 5 |
Appearance & Characteristics |
| Structure:: rhombohedral |
| Color: gray |
| Hardness: 3.5 mohs |
| Toxicity: ? |
| Characteristics: semimetal,brittle,3 forms |
| Uses: photocells (GaAs), poisons |
| Reaction with air: mild, w/ht =>As4O6 |
| Reaction with 6M HCl: none |
| Reaction with 15M HNO3: mild, w/ht =>H3AsO4, NOx |
| Reaction with 6M NaOH: none |
| Number of isotopes: 1 |
| Oxide(s): As2O3 |
| Hydride(s): AsH3 |
| Chloride(s): AsCl3 AsCl5 |
| Atomic Radius: 120 pm |
| Ionic radius (1- ion): pm |
| Ionic radius (1+ ion): pm |
| Ionic radius (2- ion): pm |
| Ionic radius (2+ ion): pm |
| Ionic radius (3+ ion): 72 pm |
| Thermal conductivity: 50.2 J/m-sec-deg |
| Electrical conductivity: 30.03 1/mohm-cm |
| Polarizability: 4.3 A^3 |
| Source: Arsenopyrite, enargite (misc) |
| Relative abundance solar system: 0.817 log |
| Abundance earth's crust: 0.3 log |
| Estimated crustal abundance: 1.8 milligrams per kilogram |
| Estimated oceanic abundance: 3.7-3 milligrams per liter |
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| (L. arsenicum, Gr. arsenikon: yellow orpiment, identified with arenikos: male, from the belief that metals were different sexes; Arabic, Az-zernikh, the orpiment from Persian zerni-zar, gold) Elemental arsenic occurs in two solid modifications: yellow, and gray or metallic, with specific gravities of 1.97, and 5.73, respectively. It is believed that Albertus Magnus obtained the element in 1250 A.D. In 1649 Schroeder published two methods of preparing the element. Mispickel arsenopyrite, (FeSAs), is the most common mineral from which, on heating, the arsenic sublimes leaving ferrous sulfide. |
The element is a steel gray, very brittle, crystalline, semimetallic solid; it tarnishes in air, and when it is heated it rapidly oxidizes to arsenous oxide, which smells of garlic. Arsenic and its compounds are poisonous.
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| Arsenic is used in bronzing, pyrotechny, and for hardening and improving the sphericity of shot. The most important compounds are white arsenic, the sulfide, Paris green, calcium arsenate, and lead arsenate; the last three have been used as agricultural insecticides and poisons. Marsh's test makes use of the formation and ready decomposition of arsine. Arsenic is finding increasing uses as a doping agent in solid-state devices such as transistors. Gallium arsenide is used as a laser material to convert electricity directly into coherent light. |
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